Backhoe Loaders
UIUC - CEM 498 - FA2015 - Leonardo A. Armijos Leray
Components
The main structure of a backhoe loader is the tractor. The tractor is designed to move easily over all types of rough terrain. It has a turbocharged diesel engine, rugged tires and a cab with basic steering controls such as a steering wheel and brakes. The tractor gives the power for moving the loader, the backhoe, and the other components. Backhoe loader cabins could be completely enclosed or have an open covering structure to protect the operator.
The Tractor
The Loader
The loader is attached to the front of the backhoe and the digger to the back. It is designed to pick up and transport loose material but can also be used to level surfaces and push materials. The operator controls the loader through a joystick while driving the tractor.
The Backhoe
The backhoe or digger is the main tool of the backhoe loader. It is used to excavate hard, compact materials such as soil, or to lift heavy loads, such as a sewer box.
The backhoe has three segments:
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The boom
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The stick
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The bucket
This arrangement is very similar to a human arm which has an upper arm, a forearm and a hand.
The backhoe segments are connected by three joints or articulations. The boom is usually bent upward to make it easier to excavate with with the presence of obstacles in the way. This design also provides additional space for the bucket when the operator bends it in with a full load.
Backhoes are especially suited for digging ditches. To use the backhoe, the operator has to park the tractor, stabilize it and turn the seat around to reach the joystick controller.
The Stabilizer Legs
Backhoe loaders have two stabilizer legs behind the rear wheels. These legs transmit the excavating forces to the ground when the backhoe is digging. The stabilizers keep the tractor steady, minimizing the bumping effect of digging with the backhoe. They also secure the tractor so that it won't slip into the ditches.
The stabilizer legs have two types of "shoes," so that they can be planted securely on both dirt and pavement. The grouser shoe side digs into the soil ground for a better grip. For asphalt or concrete rubber-padded shoes are available.